ʻO ke kila kalapona, ke galvanized, a me ke kila kila ʻole nā ʻano ʻekolu i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka ʻoihana a me ke kūkulu ʻana. He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia, ka hana, a me ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono e kōkua iā ʻoe e kaulike i ka maikaʻi, ka waihona kālā, a me ke ola o ka papahana.
1. Nā Uea Kila Kalapona i ʻōwili wela ʻia– Ikaika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai
ʻAno: Hao + kalapona (0.05%–1.0%)
Nā Hiʻohiʻona: Ikaika kiʻekiʻe, maʻalahi ke hana, kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa
Nāwaliwali: Kū'ē maika'i 'ole i ka pala, ma'alahi ka popo
ʻOi loa no: Hoʻohana i loko, nā wahi maloʻo, nā mea hoʻopaʻa kūkulu, nā pūnāwai, nā kui, ka ʻupena pā
Ke ola: 1-3 mau makahiki i loko o ka hale
2. Uea kila galvanized kalapona kiʻekiʻe– ʻO ke kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa ma waho
ʻAno: Uea kila kalapona + uhi zinc (electro a hot-dip paha)
Nā Hiʻohiʻona: Mālama i ka ikaika o ke kila + hoʻohui i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala
Nāwaliwali: Hiki ke ʻaʻahu ʻia ka papa zinc; popo ke kila kumu inā hōʻike ʻia
ʻOi loa no: Nā pā o waho, nā pale alanui, nā hoʻopaʻa hale kōmahana, nā laina mana
Ke ola: 5–20 mau makahiki ma waho (makemake ʻia ka wai wela)
3. Uea kila kila– Palekana Paʻa Loa
ʻAno: Chromium ≥10.5% (304, 316, a pēlā aku)
Nā Hiʻohiʻona: Pale i ka popo, kūpaʻa i ka waikawa a me ka paʻakai, helehelena maʻemaʻe, ola lōʻihi
Nāwaliwali: ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai (2-3x kalapona kila)
ʻOi loa no: Nā noi kahakai, kemika, kai, meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau
Ola: 50+ mau makahiki, ʻaʻohe mālama pono
Pūʻulu Aliʻi
Wahi noho
ʻĀpana ʻoihana hoʻomohala ʻo Kangsheng,
ʻO ka moku ʻo Wuqing, ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tianjin, Kina.
Leka uila
Kelepona
Nā hola
Pōʻakahi-Lāpule: Hana lawelawe 24 hola
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-27-2026