Nūhou - Palapala Nui o nā Paipu a me nā Casing API: He Kuhikuhi Piha no nā Kikoʻī OCTG

ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i ka luawai aila a me ke kinoea e hilinaʻi ʻia ana ma luna o nā huahana tubular i hana ʻia i nā kūlana dimensional a me nā mechanical pololei. ʻO kekahi o nā kikoʻī i ʻōlelo nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo API SPEC 5CT, i paʻi ʻia e ka American Petroleum Institute, ka mea e hoʻomalu ana i nā ana, nā māka mea, a me nā koi hoʻāʻo no ka casing a me ka tubing i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā hana uka.

Ma Royal Steel Group, hāʻawi mākou i kahi waihona piha o nā casing a me nā paipu API 5CT-compliant ma nā ʻano nui like ʻole, nā mānoanoa o ka paia, a me nā pae kila. Aia ma lalo kahi kuhikuhi kūpono e uhi ana i nā ana maʻamau, nā pae kaumaha, ke koho ʻana o ka pae, a me nā noi kahua maʻamau - i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua i nā hui kūʻai, nā ʻenekinia wili, a me nā luna hoʻokele papahana e kuhikuhi i ka huahana OCTG kūpono no kā lākou papahana luawai.

He aha nā API Casing a me nā Tubing?

Ka uhi ʻanaʻo ia ka paipu kūkulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi luawai ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana. ʻO kāna mau hana nui ka pale ʻana i ka hiolo ʻana o ka luawai, hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻano hana ʻole, a hāʻawi i kahi pale e paʻa ana i ke kaomi no ke ola o ka luawai.

Paipuʻo ia ka paipu liʻiliʻi ke anawaena e holo ana i loko o ka pahu e kahe ai nā hydrocarbons i hana ʻia (a i ʻole nā wai i hoʻokomo ʻia) i ka ʻili. ʻAʻole e like me ka pahu, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka paipu a hiki ke huki ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā o nā hana hana.

Hāʻule nā huahana ʻelua ma lalo o ka māhele ākea o OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods), nona pū kekahi paipu wili, nā hui pup, nā couplings, a me nā pilina premium.

Nā Pae Nui Maʻamau ma kahi Nānā

Paipu Hoʻopaʻa

Palena	Pae Maʻamau
Anawaena o waho (OD)	4½" – 20" (114.30 – 508.00 mm)
Mānoanoa o ka paia (WT)	5.21 – 16.13 mm
Ka laulā lōʻihi	R1, R2, R3
Nā Papa Maʻamau	H40, J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, Q125

Paipu Paipu

Palena	Pae Maʻamau
Anawaena o waho (OD)	1.050" – 4½" (26.67 – 114.30 mm)
Mānoanoa o ka paia (WT)	2.11 – 16.13 mm
Ka laulā lōʻihi	R1, R2, R3
Nā Papa Maʻamau	H40, J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110

Pakuhi Kaumaha a me nā Ana o ka Pahu OCTG

Nā Nui Pahu Maʻamau (OD)

ʻO nā nui inoa ma lalo nei nā mea i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka luawai maʻamau:

4½", 5", 5½", 6⅝", 7", 7⅝", 8⅝", 9⅝", 10¾", 11¾", 13⅜", 16", 18⅝", 20"

Moʻo Mānoanoa o ka Paia Maʻamau

5.21 mm · 6.35 mm · 7.72 mm · 9.17 mm · 10.36 mm · a me nā koho kaumaha aʻe ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka helu kaomi.

Ka uhi ʻana ma ka ʻāpana luawai

ʻĀpana Luawai	Ka laulā OD maʻamau	Kumu
ʻIli ʻili	13⅜" – 20"+	Nā wā pāpaʻu; pale i nā ʻāpana wai maʻemaʻe a kākoʻo i ke poʻo luawai
ʻO ka uhi waena	9⅝" – 13⅜"	Hoʻopaʻa i nā wahi pilikia (shale, paʻakai, nalowale o ke kahe koko) ma ka ʻāpana waena o ka luawai
Ka Pahu Hana	4½" – 7"	Hoʻokaʻawale i ka waihona a hāʻawi i ke ala hana no ke ola o ka luawai

ʻĀpana Luawai Maʻamau OD Range Pahuhopu

ʻO ka ʻili o ka ʻili 13⅜" – 20"+ Nā wā pāpaʻu; pale i nā wahi wai maʻemaʻe a kākoʻo i ke poʻo luawai
Pahu Waena 9⅝" – 13⅜" Hoʻopaʻa i nā wahi pilikia (shale, paʻakai, kahe koko nalowale) ma ka ʻāpana waena o ka luawai
ʻO ka Pahu Hana 4½" – 7" Hoʻokaʻawale i ka waihona a hāʻawi i ke ala hana no ke ola o ka luawai

Nā ʻAno Pili a me ke Kaula

STC (Pōkole i Hoʻopili ʻia): Kūlana maʻamau no nā kaula ʻili haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pāpaʻu.
LTC (Long Thread Coupled): Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pono o ka hui no ka lawelawe hohonu a i ʻole ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
BTC (Buttress Thread Coupled): ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana tensile a me ka hana sila kinoea; hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana a me nā kaula waena.

Loaʻa nā pilina Premium (e laʻa, VAM, TMK, Hydril-style) no ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe/mahana kiʻekiʻe (HPHT) a me ka lawelawe corrosive kahi i lawa ʻole ai nā pilina API.

Pakuhi Kaumaha a me nā Ana o ka Paipu OCTG

Nā Nui Paipu Maʻamau

Ka nui inoa (ʻīniha)	OD (mm)
1.050"	26.67
1.315"	33.4
1.660"	42.16
1.900"	48.26
2.375"	60.33
2.875"	73.03
3.500"	88.9
4.000"	101.6
4.500"	114.3

Mānoanoa o ka paia

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paia paipu API maʻamau mai 0.083" (2.11 mm) a i 0.400" (10.16 mm). No ka laʻana, hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kahi kaula paipu 2⅞" i loko o:
0.217" (5.51 mm) — NUE, kaomi haʻahaʻa
0.276" (7.01 mm) — lawelawe maʻamau
0.308" (7.82 mm) — hana kaumaha, kaomi kiʻekiʻe
Hiki ke hana ʻia nā paipu paia mānoanoa ma mua o 16 mm e like me ke kikoʻī maʻamau no nā lua hohonu, kaomi kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā luawai ʻino.

Nā Pae Lōʻihi (API 5CT)

Pae	Nā wāwae	Nā mika
R1	18 – 22 kapuaʻi	5.49 – 6.71 mika
R2	27 – 30 kapuaʻi	8.23 – 9.14 mika
R3	38 – 42 kapuaʻi	11.58 – 12.80 mika

ʻO R2 ka mea maʻamau no nā hana ma uka; Hoʻemi ʻo R3 i ka helu o nā pilina a makemake ʻia i ka wā e koʻikoʻi ai ka manawa hoʻonohonoho a me ka pono o ka pilina.

Nā ʻAno Kaula

NU (Non-Upset): ʻAʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ka upset waho maʻamau; hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa.
EU (External Upset): Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka wēlau pine no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana tensile a me ke kaomi; ka pilina paipu maʻamau.
Nā Kaula Premium (VAM, TMK, a pēlā aku): Paʻa kinoea, sila metala-a-metala no HPHT, ka mālama kinoea, a me nā wahi ʻino.

ʻO ka Tubing ma ke noi

Pae Nui	Hoʻohana Maʻamau
1.050" – 2.375"	Nā luawai haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa paha; nā hoʻopau ʻana o nā lua palahalaha
2.875" – 3.500"	Nā lua hana kuʻuna - ka laulā i hoʻohana nui ʻia
4.000" – 4.500"	Nā luawai kiʻekiʻe, ka hāpai kinoea, a me ka hoʻokomo wai/CO₂

Nā Papa Kila a me nā Waiwai Mekanika

ʻO ka hoʻolālā papa ma API 5CT e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa ma nā tausani o psi (e laʻa, N80 = 80,000 psi ka hua liʻiliʻi loa). Hāʻawi nā papa kiʻekiʻe i ke kū'ē nui ʻana i ka tensile a me ka collapse akā hiki ke maʻalahi i ka sulfide stress cracking (SSC) i ka lawelawe ʻawaʻawa.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Waiwai Mekanika

Kūlana Maʻamau	Papa	Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (MPa)	Ikaika Hua (MPa)
API SPEC 5CT	J55	≥ 517	379 – 552
	K55	≥ 517	≥ 655
	N80	≥ 689	552 – 758
	L80 (13Cr)	≥ 655	552 – 655
	P110	≥ 862	758 – 965

Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (Maʻamau)

Papa	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Ni	Cu	Mo	V
J55 / K55 (37Mn5)	0.34–0.39	0.20–0.35	1.25–1.50	≤0.020	≤0.015	≤0.15	≤0.20	≤0.20	—	—
N80 (36Mn2V)	0.34–0.38	0.20–0.35	1.45–1.70	≤0.020	≤0.015	≤0.15	—	—	—	0.11–0.16
L80 (13Cr)	0.15–0.22	≤1.00	0.25–1.00	≤0.020	≤0.010	12.0–14.0	≤0.20	≤0.20	—	—
P110 (30CrMo)	0.26–0.35	0.17–0.37	0.40–0.70	≤0.020	≤0.010	0.80–1.10	≤0.20	≤0.20	0.15–0.25	≤0.08

Alakaʻi Koho Papa

J55 / K55:Kūʻai kūpono no nā luawai pāpaʻu, haʻahaʻa ke kaomi a me nā uhi ʻili.
N80:Papa ikaika waena kūpono no nā kaula waena a me ka hana ʻana i nā luawai maʻamau.
L80 (13Cr):Ke kila kila martensitic kūpaʻa i ka palaho; kūpono no ka CO₂ a me nā wahi ʻawaʻawa iki.
C90 / T95:Nā pae lawelawe ʻawaʻawa me ka paʻakikī i kāohi ʻia (≤ 22 HRC) no nā luawai i loaʻa ka H₂S.
P110 / Q125:Nā pae ikaika kiʻekiʻe no nā luawai hohonu a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe; koi i ka loiloi SSC akahele i nā kūlana ʻawaʻawa.

Nā Manaʻo Koho Koʻikoʻi

ʻAʻole wale ke koho ʻana i ka ʻili kūpono a me ka paipu he mea ia e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka OD a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia. Pono kahi hoʻolālā tubular piha e hoʻohui i nā mea aʻe:

Ka Hohonu o ka Luawai a me ke ʻAno o ke Kaomi— Hoʻoholo i nā helu hiolo, pahū, a me nā helu tensile e pono ai, ka mea e hoʻokele ai i ke koho ʻana o ka papa a me ke kaumaha.

Kaiapuni ʻino— Pono paha ʻo CO₂, H₂S, chloride, a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i 13Cr, super 13Cr, a i ʻole nā alloys duplex ma mua o ke kila kalapona.

Hoʻokumu a me Geomechanics— Hoʻopilikia ka pehu ʻana o ka shale, ke kolo ʻana o ka paʻakai, a me ke kaomi kūpono ʻole i ka hohonu o ke kau ʻana o ka casing a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia.

ʻAno Hoʻohui— Ua lawa nā kaula poepoe API a i ʻole nā kaula buttress no nā lua he nui; pono nā pilina maikaʻi loa no ka sila ʻana i ke kinoea a i ʻole nā kūlana ukana kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Kikoʻī Hoʻoponopono a me ka Mea Hana— Hoʻokau ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana i nā koi hou aʻe ma mua o ka API 5CT, me ka NDE hoʻohui, ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī, a me nā ana drift.

Ka Mana OCTG o ka Royal Steel Group

Pūʻulu kila aliʻi hana a hoʻolako i ka pahu a me nā paipu API 5CT me ka laulā e hiki mai ana:

Ka laulā piha:1.050" a hiki i ka 20" maʻamau, me ke anawaena nui a me nā nui maʻamau i loaʻa.

Nā māka piha:ʻO H40, J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, a me 13Cr / super 13Cr nā mea hoʻohuihui kūpaʻa i ka palaho.

Nā koho hoʻohui:ʻO STC, LTC, BTC, NU, EU, a me nā pilina wili premium ma ke noi.

Hōʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi:Loaʻa ka nānā ʻana o UT/MT piha, ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic, ka ana ʻana o ka paʻakikī, a me ka nānā ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu (BV, SGS, DNV).

Hoʻouna ʻia:Nā lōʻihi kaulele ʻo R1 / R2 / R3, me ka hoʻolako ʻana o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hui pup ma ke ʻano he pūʻolo piha.

Ua hōʻoia ʻia kā mākou hana ʻana i ka API SPEC 5CT a me ISO 9001, me nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo wili (MTR) i hāʻawi ʻia no kēlā me kēia wela a me ka hailona.