Nā pono: Ma muli o ka ikaika nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ikaika tensile a me ka compressive o ke kila ma mua o nā mea e like me ke kaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana no ka ukana hoʻokahi; ʻO ke kaumaha pono'ī o ke kila he 1/3 a hiki i ka 1/5 hapa wale nō o nā hale paʻa, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā koi o ka hiki ke hoʻokumu i ke kumu, no laila kūpono loa ia no nā papahana ma nā kumu lepo palupalu. A ʻo ka lua, he kiʻekiʻe ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻOi aku ma mua o 80% o nā ʻāpana i hiki ke hana mua ʻia i nā hale hana ma ke ʻano maʻamau a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele ma o nā bolts a weld, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kaʻina hana no 30% ~ 50% ma luna o nā hale paʻa. A ʻo ke kolu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka anti-earthquake a me ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. 'O ka 'o'ole'a maika'i o ke kila, 'o ia ho'i, hiki ke ho'opō'ino 'ia a ho'omohu i ka ikehu i ka wā o ke ōla'i no laila ke ki'eki'e o kona pae kū'ē seismic; Eia kekahi, ma luna o 90% o ke kila i hana hou ʻia, e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻōpala hana.
Nā pōʻino: ʻO ka pilikia nui ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kaiapuni haʻahaʻa, e like me ka paʻakai paʻakai ma kahakai ke kumu maoli i ka ʻōpala, maʻamau e ukali ʻia e ka mālama anti-corrosion coating i kēlā me kēia 5-10 makahiki, e hoʻonui ai i nā kumukūʻai lōʻihi. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole lawa kona kūpaʻa ahi; E emi loa ka ikaika o ke kila i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 600 ℃, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka uhi pale ahi a i ʻole ka pale pale ahi e hoʻokō i nā koi kūʻē ahi o ka hale. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai mua; ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā kūʻai kila a me ka hana ʻana no nā ʻōnaehana hale kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe paha he 10% -20% ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea o nā hale paʻa maʻamau, akā hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa e ka mālama pono a me ka mālama lōʻihi.
