Nūhou - Nā ʻano, ka nui, a me ke alakaʻi koho ʻana i nā ʻano hana kila

Nā hale kilahoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana kūkulu ma muli o ko lākou mau pono, e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūkulu wikiwiki ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa seismic maikaʻi loa. He kūpono nā ʻano hale kila like ʻole no nā hiʻohiʻona hale like ʻole, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka nui o kā lākou kumu. He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka hale kila kūpono i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana. ʻO nā kikoʻī ma lalo nei nā ʻano hana kila maʻamau, ka nui o nā mea kumu, a me nā wahi koho kī.

Nā ʻano a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o ka hale kila maʻamau

Na Papa Kiekie Puka

Nā papa kila pukahe mau hale kila pālahalaha i haku ʻia me nā kolamu kila a me nā kaola. He maʻalahi kā lākou hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ukana i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana hoʻokele waiwai maikaʻi loa. Hāʻawi kēia hale i kahi ala hoʻoili ukana maʻemaʻe, e hāpai pono ana i nā haʻahaʻa kū a me nā haʻahaʻa. He mea maʻalahi hoʻi ke kūkulu a hoʻokomo, me kahi manawa kūkulu pōkole.

Ma keʻano o ka noi, kūpono nā papa kila puka no nā hale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me nā hale hana haʻahaʻa, nā hale kūʻai, a me nā hale hana. Pono kēia mau hale i kahi ākea akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokō pono nā papa kila puka i kēia mau koi, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kūpono no ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

Pā kila

A kila kilahe hale kila kila i haku ʻia me nā kolamu kila a me nā kaola. 'A'ole like me ka palahalaha o ka puka puka, hana ke kila kila i ekolu-dimensional spatial system, e haawi ana i ka oi aku o ka pa'a a me ke ku'e lateral. Hiki ke kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā moʻolelo nui a i ʻole nā hale kiʻekiʻe e like me nā koi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, e hoʻololi i nā koi ʻokoʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
Ma muli o kāna hana hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa, kūpono nā papa kila no nā hale me nā ākea nui a i ʻole nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā hale keʻena, nā hale kūʻai, nā hōkele, a me nā keʻena kūkā. I loko o kēia mau hale, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō wale nā kime kila i nā koi o nā hoʻolālā spatial nui akā maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hana a me ke ala ʻana o nā pipeline i loko o ka hale.

Pahu kila

ʻO ka pahu kila he hale spatial i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana like ʻole (e like me ke kila kihi, ke kila awāwa, a me I-beams) i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi ʻano kikoʻī (e laʻa, triangular, trapezoidal, a polygonal). ʻO kona mau lālā ka mea nui i ka axial tension a i ʻole ke kaomi ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ukana kaulike, me ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i ka ikaika o ka mea a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kila.
Loaʻa i nā pahu kila ka mana ākea a kūpono i nā hale e koi ana i nā ʻāpana nui, e like me nā kahua pāʻani, nā hale hōʻikeʻike, a me nā kahua mokulele. I loko o nā kahua pāʻani, hiki i nā pahu kila ke hana i nā hale ākea ākea, e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka lumi o nā auditorium a me nā wahi hoʻokūkū. Ma nā keʻena hōʻikeʻike a me nā kahua mokulele, hāʻawi nā pahu kila i ke kākoʻo kūpono no nā wahi hōʻike ākea a me nā ala hele wāwae.

Pili kila

ʻO ka mānoanoa kila he hale spatial i haku ʻia me nā lālā he nui i hoʻopili ʻia e nā node i kahi ʻano kikoʻī kikoʻī (e like me nā huinakolu maʻamau, nā ʻāpana, a me nā hexagons maʻamau). Hāʻawi ia i nā mea maikaʻi e like me ka ikaika spatial haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa seismic maikaʻi loa, ka rigidity kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika. ʻO kāna ʻano lālā hoʻokahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana hale hana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ka pūnaewele.

ʻO nā mākia kila ka mea kūpono no ka hale a i ʻole nā hale pā, e like me nā lumi kali, nā canopies, a me nā hale hale hana nui. I loko o nā keʻena kali, hiki i nā kaupaku kila ke uhi i nā wahi nui, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻoluʻolu o ka kali ʻana no ka poʻe kaʻa. I loko o nā canopies, he māmā a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi nā hale kila kila, ʻoiai e kū pono ana i nā ukana kūlohelohe e like me ka makani a me ka ua.

Nā Ana Maikaʻi Kumu maʻamau no nā hale kila ʻokoʻa

Na Papa Kiekie Puka

ʻO nā kolamu kila a me nā kaola o nā papa puka puka maʻamau i kūkulu ʻia mai ke kila H-like. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o kēia mau kolamu kila e nā mea e like me ka lōʻihi o ka hale, ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ukana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, no nā hale hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai me nā spans o 12-24 mika a me ke kiʻekiʻe o 4-6 mika, ʻo nā kolamu kila H-like maʻamau mai H300 × 150 × 6.5 × 9 a i H500 × 200 × 7 × 11; kaola maʻamau mai H350×175×7×11 a H600×200×8×12. I kekahi mau hihia me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila I-like a i ʻole ke kila channel i mea kōkua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kila I-like mai ka I14 a i ka I28, aʻo ka nui o ke kila channel mai [12 a i [20].

Na Papa kila

Hoʻohana nui nā papa kila i ke kila ʻāpana H no ko lākou mau kolamu a me nā kaola. No ka mea pono lākou e kūpaʻa i nā haʻahaʻa kūpaʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui, a no ka mea makemake lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka hale, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o kā lākou kumu ma mua o nā papa puka. No nā hale keʻena nui a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai kūʻai (3-6 mau moʻolelo, ka lōʻihi o 8-15m), ʻo nā ʻāpana kila H-ʻāpana i hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā kolamu mai H400×200×8×13 a i H800×300×10×16; ʻO nā ʻāpana kila ʻāpana H i hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā kaola mai H450×200×9×14 a i H700×300×10×16. Ma nā hale kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau moʻolelo), hiki i nā kolamu ke hoʻohana i ke kila ʻāpana H welded a i ʻole ke kila ʻāpana pahu. ʻO ka nui o ke kila ʻāpana pahu mai ka 400 × 400 × 12 × 12 a i ka 800 × 800 × 20 × 20 e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻaoʻao o ka hale a me ka paʻa holoʻokoʻa.

Na Pahu kila

ʻO nā mea maʻamau maʻamau no nā lālā pahu kila, ʻo ia ke kila kihi, ke kila awāwa, I-beams, a me nā paipu kila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila kihi i nā pahu kila ma muli o kona ʻano ʻano cross-sectional like ʻole a me ka maʻalahi o ka pilina. Loaʻa nā nui maʻamau mai ∠50×5 a i ∠125×10. No nā lālā e pili ana i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ke kaula hao a i ʻole I-beam. ʻO ka nui o ke kila kanal mai ka [14 a i ka [30, a ʻo ka nui I-beam mai I16 a i I40.) Ma nā pahu kila lōʻihi (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 30m), hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila ma ke ʻano he lālā e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kino a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana seismic. ʻO ke anawaena o nā paipu kila mai ka Φ89 × 4 a i ka Φ219 × 8, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau he Q345B a i ʻole Q235B.

Pili kila

Hana ʻia nā lālā kila kila me nā paipu kila, i hana mau ʻia me Q235B a me Q345B. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka paipu e ka mānoanoa, ka nui o ka pahu, a me nā kūlana ukana. No nā hale kuhi me nā kiko o 15-30m (e like me nā keʻena kali liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o nā hale kali a me nā canopies), ʻo ke anawaena paipu kila maʻamau ʻo Φ48 × 3.5 a i Φ114 × 4.5. No ka nui o ka 30m (e like me nā hale pāʻani nui a me nā hale hoʻokele mokulele), piʻi ke anawaena o ka paipu kila, maʻamau i Φ114 × 4.5 a i Φ168 × 6. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana huila a i ʻole nā hui pōpō welded. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke anawaena o ka hui pōpō bolted e ka helu o nā lālā a me ka hiki ke hoʻouka, maʻamau mai Φ100 a i Φ300.

Nā Ana Maikaʻi Kumu maʻamau no nā hale kila ʻokoʻa

E wehewehe i nā pono o ka hale a me ke ʻano hoʻohana

Ma mua o kou kūʻai ʻana i hale kila, pono ʻoe e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka hale, ka lōʻihi, ke kiʻekiʻe, ka helu o nā papahele, a me nā kūlana kaiapuni (e like me ka ikaika seismic, ke kaomi makani, a me ka hoʻouka hau). Pono nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana like ʻole i ka hana ʻokoʻa mai nā hale kila. No ka laʻana, ma nā wahi e ōlaʻi ʻia, pono e koho ʻia nā ʻāpana kila a i ʻole nā hale kila me ke kūpaʻa seismic maikaʻi. No nā kahua pāʻani nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pahu kila a i ʻole nā pahu kila. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hale kila ma muli o nā kūlana ukana o ka hale (e like me nā ukana make a me nā ukana ola) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka hale kila i nā koi hoʻohana o ka hale.

Ke nānā 'ana i ka maika'i o ke kila a me ka hana

ʻO ke kila ke kumu kumu o nā hale kila, a ʻo kona maikaʻi a me kāna hana e pili pono i ka palekana a me ka lōʻihi o ka hale kila. Ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kila, koho i nā huahana i hana ʻia e nā mea hana kaulana me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi. E nānā pono i ka maikaʻi o ke kila (e like me Q235B, Q345B, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), nā waiwai mechanical (e like me ka ikaika hāʻawi, ka ikaika tensile, a me ka elongation), a me ka haku mele. ʻOkoʻa ka hana o nā ʻano kila like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ke kila Q345B ma mua o Q235B a he kūpono ia no nā hale e koi ana i ka hiki ke amo. ʻO ke kila Q235B, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī a kūpono i nā hale me kekahi mau koi seismic. Eia hou, e nānā i ke ʻano o ke kila e pale aku i nā hemahema e like me nā māwae, hoʻokomo, a me nā piko.

Hoʻokumu ka Royal Steel Group i ka hoʻolālā a me nā mea hana o nā hale kila.Hāʻawi mākou i nā hale kila i nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina he nui, me Saudi Arabia, Kanada, a me Guatemala.Hoʻokipa mākou i nā nīnau mai nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku.