Nūhou - Hana Kila: He ʻōnaehana hana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenekinia hou

I ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o kēia wā, ka halihali, ka ʻoihana, a me ka ʻenekinia ikehu,hale kila, me kona mau pono pālua i nā mea a me ke ʻano, ua lilo ia i mea nui e hoʻokele ana i ka hana hou i ka ʻenehana ʻenekinia. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke kila ma ke ʻano he mea lawe ukana nui, ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o nā palena o nā hale kuʻuna ma o ka hana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻonohonoho modular, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena kūpono no nā papahana paʻakikī like ʻole.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o ke Kūkulu Kila - CHINA ROYAL STEEL

Ka Wehewehena a me ke ʻAno o ke Kūkulu Kila
ʻO ke kūkulu kila e pili ana i kahi ʻōnaehana kūkulu e halihali ana i ka ukana i haku ʻia menā papa kila, nā ʻāpana kila (Nā kukuna H, Nā kahawai U, kila kihi, a pēlā aku), a me nā paipu kila, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana, nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā rivets. ʻO kona ʻano nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila e hoʻoili like i nā ukana kū pololei (kaumaha make a me ke kaumaha o nā lako) a me nā ukana pae (makani a me nā ōlaʻi) mai kahi hale a papahana paha i kona kahua, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke kūpaʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hale sima, ʻo ka pono nui o nā hale kila e waiho ana i ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical: hiki i ko lākou ikaika tensile ke piʻi aku ma mua o 345 MPa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau manawa o ka sima maʻamau; a ʻo ko lākou plasticity maikaʻi loa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻololi ma lalo o ke kaumaha me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hōʻoia pālua o ka palekana kūkulu. ʻO kēia ʻano e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona ākea nui, kiʻekiʻe, a me nā ukana kaumaha.

Nā ʻAno Nui o nā Hana Kila

(I) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ke ʻAno Kūkulu
ʻAno Hana o ke Alanui Puka: ʻO kēia ʻano hana, i haku ʻia me nā kolamu a me nā kaola, hana i kahi ʻano hana "puka", i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana kākoʻo. He kūpono ia no nā hale hana ʻoihana, nā hale kūʻai logistics, nā supermarkets, a me nā hale ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā laulā maʻamau mai 15 a 30 mika, me kekahi ma mua o 40 mika. Hiki ke hana mua ʻia nā ʻāpana i loko o nā hale hana, e ʻae ana i ke kau ʻana ma kahi i loko o 15 a 30 mau lā wale nō. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nui nā hale kūʻai o JD.com's Asia No. 1 Logistics Park i kēia ʻano hale.
ʻAno o ke Kuʻi: Aia kēia ʻano i nā koʻokoʻo pololei i hoʻopili ʻia e nā kikowaena e hana i kahi geometry triangular a trapezoidal paha. Hoʻopilikia wale ʻia nā koʻokoʻo e nā ikaika axial, e hoʻohana piha ana i ka ikaika o ke kila. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano kuʻi i nā kaupaku o nā kahua pāʻani a me nā ʻāpana nui o ke alahaka. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ke kahua pāʻani limahana o Beijing i kahi ʻano kuʻi e hoʻokō ai i kahi ʻāpana kolamu ʻole 120 mika.
Nā ʻano hana mōlina: ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana spatial i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻopili paʻa ʻana i nā kaola a me nā kolamu e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻolālā papahele maʻalahi a ʻo ia ke koho nui no nā hale keʻena kiʻekiʻe a me nā hōkele.
Nā ʻano hana grid: ʻO kahi grid spatial i haku ʻia me nā lālā he nui, pinepine me nā huinakolu maʻamau a me nā kikowaena huinahā, hāʻawi i ka kūpaʻa ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka ōlaʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou ma nā kikowaena mokulele a me nā kikowaena hālāwai.

(II) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e nā ʻano ukana
Nā lālā Flexural: Hōʻike ʻia e nā kaola, kū kēia mau lālā i nā manawa kūlou, me ke kaomi ma luna a me ke kaumaha ma lalo. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā ʻāpana H a i ʻole nā ʻāpana pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e like me nā kaola crane i nā hale hana ʻoihana, a pono e hoʻokō i nā koi kūpaʻa ikaika a me ka luhi.
Nā lālā i hoʻouka ʻia ma ke ʻano axial: Pili wale kēia mau lālā i ka tension/compression axial, e like me nā truss tie rods a me nā lālā grid. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā koʻokoʻo tie no ka ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo nā koʻokoʻo compression e pono ai ke kūpaʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu poepoe a i ʻole nā ʻāpana kila kihi. Nā ʻāpana i hoʻouka ʻia ma ke ʻano eccentric: Pili kēia mau mea i nā ikaika axial a me nā manawa kūlou, e like me nā kolamu frame. Ma muli o ke ʻano eccentric o ka ukana ma nā wēlau beam, pono nā ʻāpana keʻa symmetrical (e like me nā kolamu pahu) e kaulike i nā ikaika a me nā deformations.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi Koʻikoʻi o nā Hale Hana Kila
(I) Nā Waiwai Mekanika Maikaʻi Loa
ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa nā pono koʻikoʻi o nā hale kila. No kahi laulā i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo ke kaumaha make o kahi kaola kila he 1/3-1/5 wale nō ia o kahi kaola sima. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kaumaha o kahi truss kila laulā 30-mika ma kahi o 50 kg/m, ʻoiai ʻo ke kaumaha o kahi kaola sima ma mua o 200 kg/m. ʻAʻole wale kēia e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai kahua (ma 20%-30%) akā hoʻēmi pū i nā hopena seismic, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka palekana seismic o ka hale.
(II) Ka Hana Kūkulu Kiʻekiʻe
Ma luna o 90% o nā ʻāpana hana kila i hana mua ʻia i loko o nā hale hana me ka pololei o ka pae milimita. ʻO ke kau ʻana ma kahi e pono ai ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana. No ka laʻana, he 6-8 mau mahina wale nō ka lōʻihi o kahi hale keʻena kila 10-papa mai ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana, he 40% ka emi ʻana o ka manawa kūkulu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi hale sima. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa i kahi papahana hale noho kila i hana mua ʻia ma Shenzhen kahi wikiwiki kūkulu o "hoʻokahi papahele i kēlā me kēia ʻehiku lā," e hōʻemi nui ana i nā kumukūʻai hana ma kahi.
(III) Ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka ʻōlaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa
ʻO ka paʻakikī o ke kila e hiki ai i nā hale kila ke hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu ma o ka deformation i ka wā o nā ōlaʻi. No ka laʻana, i ka wā o ka ōlaʻi Wenchuan i ka makahiki 2008, ua ʻeha iki kahi hale hana hale kila ma Chengdu i ka deformation a ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka hiolo ʻana. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka corrosion (galvanizing a me ka coating), hiki i ke kila ke loaʻa i ke ola lawelawe o 50-100 mau makahiki, me nā kumukūʻai mālama haʻahaʻa loa ma mua o nā hale sima.
(IV) Ka Palekana Kaiapuni a me ke Kūpaʻa
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hana hou ʻana o ke kila ma mua o 90%, e ʻae ana iā ia e hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia a hana ʻia ma hope o ka wāwahi ʻana, e hoʻopau ana i ka haumia o nā ʻōpala kūkulu. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kila i ka hana formwork a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana, e koi ana i ka hana pulu liʻiliʻi ma kahi, a e hōʻemi ana i nā hoʻokuʻu lepo ma mua o 60% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hale sima, e kūlike ana me nā loina hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No ka laʻana, ma hope o ka wāwahi ʻana o ke kahua Ice Cube no ka 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, ua hoʻohana hou ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana i nā papahana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai.

Ka Hoʻohana Laulaha ʻana o nā Kūkulu Kila
(I) Kūkulu ʻana
Nā hale lehulehu: ʻO nā kahua pāʻani, nā kahua mokulele, nā kikowaena hālāwai kūkā a me nā hōʻikeʻike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hilinaʻi i nā hale kila e hoʻokō i nā ʻāpana nui a me nā hoʻolālā ākea.
Nā hale noho: Ke lilo nei nā hale noho kila i mea kaulana a hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi hale pilikino.
Nā hale kalepa: Nā hale keʻena kiʻekiʻe loa a me nā hale kūʻai kūʻai, e hoʻohana ana i nā hale kila e hoʻokō i nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī a me ke kūkulu pono ʻana.
(II) Ka halihali
ʻEnekinia alahaka: Nā alahaka ma waena o ke kai a me nā alahaka kaʻaahi. Hāʻawi nā alahaka kila i nā ʻāpana nui a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka makani a me ka ōlaʻi.
Kaʻaahi: Nā uhi o ke kahua kaʻaahi a me nā kaola o ke alahao māmā.
(III) ʻOihana
Nā hale hana ʻoihana: Nā hale hana mīkini kaumaha a me nā hale hana metala. Hiki i nā hale kila ke kū i nā ukana o nā lako nui a hoʻomaʻalahi i nā hoʻololi lako ma hope.
Nā hale waihona: Nā hale waihona kaulahao anu a me nā kikowaena logistics. Hoʻokō nā ʻano kiʻi puka i nā koi mālama ākea nui a wikiwiki ke kūkulu a me ke kauoha koke.
(IV) Ikehu
Nā Hale Mana: Nā hale nui o ka hale hana mana wela a me nā hale kiaʻi hoʻoili. He kūpono nā hale kila no nā ukana kiʻekiʻe a me nā wahi waho ʻino. Ikehu Hou: Loaʻa i nā hale kiaʻi makani a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa photovoltaic nā hale kila māmā no ka lawe maʻalahi a me ke kau ʻana, e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻomohala ikehu maʻemaʻe.