Nūhou - Kūleʻa kila: He Pūnaehana Kūlana Koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenekinia hou

I ka hoʻolālā o kēia wā, ka halihali, ka ʻoihana, a me ka ʻenekinia ikehu,hale kila, me kona mau pono ʻelua i nā mea ʻelua a me ka hoʻolālā, ua lilo ia i mea ikaika e hoʻokele i nā mea hou i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke kila ma ke ʻano he mea lawe ukana nui, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o nā palena o nā hale kuʻuna ma o ka hana ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonohonoho modular, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena kūpono no kahi ākea o nā papahana paʻakikī.

ʻO nā pono a me nā pōʻino o ka hale kila - CHINA ROYAL STEEL

Wehewehe a me ke ano o ka hale kila
ʻO ke kila kila e pili ana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokau ukana i haku ʻiapapa kila, ʻāpana kila (H kaola, U nā kaha, kila kihikihi, etc.), a me nā paipu kila, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o ka wiliwili ʻana, nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā rivets. ʻO kona kumu, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila e hoʻololi like i nā haʻawe kū pololei (ke kaumaha make a me ke kaumaha o nā mea hana) a me nā haʻahaʻa ākea (ka makani a me nā ʻōlaʻi) mai kahi hale a i ʻole ka papahana a hiki i kona kumu, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka paʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hale paʻa, ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā hale kila aia i loko o kā lākou mau ʻano mechanical: hiki i ko lākou ikaika tensile ke piʻi ma luna o 345 MPa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau manawa o ka pahu maʻamau; a ʻo kā lākou plasticity maikaʻi loa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻololi i lalo o ka ukana me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hōʻoia pālua o ka palekana o ka hale. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e hiki ke hoʻololi iā lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona nui-span, kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kaumaha.

Nā ʻano nui o nā hale kila

(I) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻolālā
ʻO ke kiʻi puka puka puka: ʻO kēia ʻano, i haku ʻia me nā kolamu a me nā kaola, i hana ʻia i ke ʻano o ke ʻano "puka", i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana kākoʻo. He kūpono ia no nā mea kanu ʻoihana, hale kūʻai logistic, supermarkets, a me nā hale ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka laulā maʻamau mai ka 15 a 30 mau mika, me kekahi ma mua o 40 mau mika. Hiki ke hana mua ʻia nā ʻāpana i nā hale hana, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma ka pūnaewele i nā lā 15 a 30 wale nō. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nui nā hale kūʻai o Asia No. 1 Logistics Park o JD.com i kēia ʻano hale.
Hoʻolālā Truss: Aia kēia hale i nā lāʻau pololei i hoʻopili ʻia e nā nodes e hana i kahi geometry triangular a trapezoidal paha. Hoʻopili wale ʻia nā koʻokoʻo i nā ikaika axial, me ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kila. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā hale kāwele i nā kaupaku a me nā alahaka. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ka hana hou ʻana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Beijing Workers' Stadium i kahi hoʻolālā truss no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka 120 mika me ke kolamu ʻole.
Nā kūkulu hale: ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana spatial i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopili paʻa ʻana i nā kaola a me nā kolamu hāʻawi i nā hoʻolālā papahele maʻalahi a ʻo ia ke koho nui no nā hale keʻena kiʻekiʻe a me nā hōkele.
Nā ʻano hana mānoanoa: ʻO kahi mākia ākea i haku ʻia me nā lālā he nui, pinepine me ka huinakolu maʻamau a me nā node huinahā, hāʻawi i ka kūpaʻa ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou ma nā kahua mokulele a me nā kikowaena hui.

(II) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻano hoʻouka
Nā lālā flexural: Hōʻike ʻia e nā kaola, kūpaʻa kēia mau lālā i nā manawa kūlou, me ke kaomi ʻana ma luna a me ka ʻāʻī ma lalo. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā ʻāpana H a i ʻole nā pahu pahu welded, e like me nā kaola crane i nā mea kanu ʻoihana, a pono e hoʻokō i nā koi ikaika a me ka luhi.
Nā lālā i hoʻouka ʻia i ke axial: Aia kēia mau lālā i ka ʻāʻī axial/compression wale nō, e like me nā lāʻau truss tie rod a me nā lālā grid. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā lāʻau paʻa no ka ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo nā koʻokoʻo kaomi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā paipu pōʻai a i ʻole nā kihi kila. ʻO nā mea i hoʻouka ʻia me nā ʻāpana eccentrically: Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea i nā mana axial a me nā manawa kūlou, e like me nā kolamu kiʻi. Ma muli o ka eccentricity o ka ukana i ka pau ʻana o ke kaola, koi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻāpana symmetrical (e like me nā kolamu pahu) e kaulike i nā ikaika a me nā deformations.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi Koʻikoʻi o nā Hana kila
(I) Na Waiwai Mekani Nui
ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa nā mea maikaʻi loa o nā hale kila. No ka lō'ihi i hā'awi 'ia, he 1/3-1/5 wale nō ke kaumaha make o ke kaola kila. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka pahu kila he 30 mika ma kahi o 50 kg/m, ʻoiai ke kaumaha o ke kaola sima ma luna o 200 kg/m. ʻAʻole kēia e hōʻemi wale i nā kumukūʻai kumu (e 20%-30%) akā e hoʻēmi i nā hopena seismic, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana seismic o ka hale.
(II) Hana Hana Kiekie
Ma luna o 90% o nā mea hana kila i hana mua ʻia i nā hale hana me ka pololei o ka millimeter-level. Pono ka hoʻouka ʻana ma ka pūnaewele i ka huki a me ka pilina. Eia kekahi laʻana, he 6-8 mau mahina wale nō ka hale oihana kila 10-papa mai ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana, he 40% ka emi ʻana o ka manawa hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi hale paʻa. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa i kahi papahana hale kila i hana mua ʻia ma Shenzhen i ka wikiwiki o ke kūkulu ʻana o "hoʻokahi papahele i kēlā me kēia lā ʻehiku," e hōʻemi nui ana i nā kumukūʻai hana ma ka pūnaewele.
(III) Ke kū'ē a me ka lōʻihi o ke olai
ʻO ka paʻakikī o ke kila e hiki ai i nā hale kila ke hoʻopau i ka ikehu ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wā ōlaʻi. No ka laʻana, i ka wā o ke ōlaʻi ʻo Wenchuan i ka makahiki 2008, ua loaʻa i kahi hale hana kila ma Chengdu ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka hāʻule. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa anti-corrosion (galvanizing and coating), hiki i ke kila ke loaʻa i ke ola lawelawe o 50-100 mau makahiki, me nā kumukūʻai mālama ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā hale paʻa.
(IV) Palekana a me ka hoomau
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kila ma mua o 90%, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia a hana ʻia ma hope o ka wāwahi ʻana, e hoʻopau ana i ka pollution ʻōpala kūkulu. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono ka hana kila a me ka mālama ʻana, e koi ana i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana pulu ma ka pūnaewele, a e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lepo ma mua o 60% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hale paʻa, e kūlike me nā kumu o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No ka laʻana, ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ke kahua ʻo Ice Cube no ka 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, ua hoʻohana hou ʻia kekahi mau mea i nā papahana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō ai i ka hana hou ʻana.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā hale kila
(I) Kūkulu
Nā hale aupuni: ʻO nā kahua pāʻani, nā mokulele, nā ʻaha kūkā a me nā kikowaena hōʻikeʻike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hilinaʻi i nā hale kila e hoʻokō i nā ākea nui a me nā hoʻolālā ākea.
Nā hale noho: Ke ulu nui nei nā hale i kūkulu ʻia i ke kila a hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono hale pilikino.
Nā hale kūʻai: ʻO nā hale keʻena kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā hale kūʻai kūʻai, e hoʻohana ana i nā hale kila e hoʻokō i nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī a me ka hana kūpono.
(II) Kaʻahele
ʻEnekinia alahaka: Nā alahaka keʻa a me nā alahaka alahao. Hāʻawi nā alahaka kila i nā ākea nui a me ka makani ikaika a me ke ōlaʻi.
Kaʻa kaʻaahi: ʻO nā canopies o ke kahua kaʻaahi a me nā kaola ala kaʻa māmā.
(III) ʻOihana
Mea kanu ʻenehana: Mea kanu mīkini kaumaha a me nā mea kanu metala. Hiki i nā hale kila ke kū'ē i nā ukana o nā mea hana nui a maʻalahi i ka hoʻololiʻana i nā mea hana ma hope.
Nā hale waihona kālā: Nā hale kūʻai kaulahao anuanu a me nā kikowaena logistic. Hoʻokō nā hale paʻa puka i nā koina mālama nui a wikiwiki hoʻi e kūkulu a hana wikiwiki.
(IV) Ikaika
Nā lako mana: Nā hale nui a me nā hale kiaʻi hoʻoili uila. He kūpono nā hale kila no nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaiapuni waho paʻakikī. ʻIke Hou: ʻO nā hale kiaʻi turbine makani a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouka photovoltaic e hōʻike ana i nā hale kila māmā no ka lawe maʻalahi a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana, e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe.