Paipu APIhe kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana ikehu e like me ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea. Ua hoʻokumu ka American Petroleum Institute (API) i kahi moʻo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e hoʻoponopono ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka paipu API, mai ka hana ʻana a i ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hōʻoia i kona maikaʻi a me ka palekana.

Ua hoʻonoho pono ʻia kahi puʻu o nā paipu kila API 5L, me nā kumu hoʻohālike mea kikoʻī i hōʻailona ʻia ma nā paipu, e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi.

Paipu API 5LNā Kūlana Hōʻoia

ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia paipu kila API e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana mau ʻana o nā mea hana i nā huahana e kūlike me nā kikoʻī API. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka monogram API, pono nā ʻoihana e hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi. ʻO ka mea mua, pono iā lākou kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi i hana paʻa no ka liʻiliʻi o ʻehā mahina a ua kūlike piha me ka API Specification Q1. ʻO ka API Specification Q1, ma ke ʻano he kūlana hoʻokele maikaʻi alakaʻi o ka ʻoihana, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻokō i ka hapa nui o nā koi ISO 9001 akā hoʻokomo pū kekahi i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pono kūikawā o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea. ʻO ka lua, pono nā ʻoihana e wehewehe pono a pololei i kā lākou ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi i kā lākou manual maikaʻi, e uhi ana i kēlā me kēia koi o ka API Specification Q1. Eia kekahi, pono nā ʻoihana e loaʻa i nā hiki loea e pono ai e hōʻoia i hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā huahana e kūlike me nā kikoʻī huahana API kūpono. Eia kekahi, pono nā ʻoihana e hana mau i nā loiloi kūloko a me nā hoʻokele e like me ka API Specification Q1, a mālama i nā palapala kikoʻī o ke kaʻina hana loiloi a me nā hopena. E pili ana i nā kikoʻī huahana, pono nā mea noi e mālama i hoʻokahi kope o ka mana Pelekane hou loa o ka kikoʻī API Q1 a me nā kikoʻī huahana API no ka laikini a lākou e noi nei. Pono e paʻi ʻia nā kikoʻī huahana e API a loaʻa ma o API a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻolaha i ʻae ʻia. ʻO ka unuhi ʻae ʻole ʻia o nā puke API me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala a API he hana ia e hōʻino ana i ke kuleana kope.

Nā Mea Maʻamau no ka Paipu Kila API

ʻEkolu mau mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka paipu API ʻo A53, A106, a me X42 (kahi papa kila maʻamau i ke kūlana API 5L). ʻOkoʻa loa lākou i ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka papa ma lalo nei:

ʻAno Mea	Nā Kūlana	Nā ʻano hoʻohuihui kemika	Nā Waiwai Mekanika (Nā Waiwai Maʻamau)	Nā Wahi Hoʻohana Nui
Paipu kila A53	ASTM A53	Ua māhele ʻia ke kila kalapona i ʻelua mau papa, ʻo A a me B. ʻO ka nui o ke kalapona o ka Papa A he ≤0.25% a me ka nui o ka manganese he 0.30-0.60%; ʻO ka nui o ke kalapona o ka Papa B he ≤0.30% a me ka nui o ka manganese he 0.60-1.05%. ʻAʻohe ona mea hoʻohuihui.	Ikaika Hua: Papa A ≥250 MPa, Papa B ≥290 MPa; Ikaika Tensile: Papa A ≥415 MPa, Papa B ≥485 MPa	Ka halihali wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e like me ka wai a me ke kinoea) a me nā paipu kūkulu maʻamau, kūpono no nā wahi ʻino ʻole.
Paipu kila A106	ASTM A106	Ua māhele ʻia ke kila kalapona wela kiʻekiʻe i ʻekolu mau papa, ʻo A, B, a me C. Piʻi ka nui o ke kalapona me ka nui (Papa A ≤0.27%, Papa C ≤0.35%). ʻO ka nui o ka manganese he 0.29-1.06%, a ua kāohi pono ʻia ka nui o ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus.	Ikaika Hua: Papa A ≥240 MPa, Papa B ≥275 MPa, Papa C ≥310 MPa; Ikaika Tensile: Pau ≥415 MPa	ʻO nā paipu mahu wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me nā paipu hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, pono e kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (maʻamau ≤ 425°C).
X42 (API 5L)	API 5L (Laina Paipu Kila Kūlana)	ʻO ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa-alloy he ≤0.26% ka nui o ke kalapona a loaʻa iā ia nā mea e like me ka manganese a me ka silicon. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea microalloying e like me ka niobium a me ka vanadium i kekahi manawa e hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.	Ikaika Hāʻawi ≥290 MPa; Ikaika Tensile 415-565 MPa; Paʻakikī Hopena (-10°C) ≥40 J	Hiki i nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe no nā wahi lōʻihi, ʻoiai nā mea no ka halihali ʻana ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe no nā wahi lōʻihi, ke kū i nā ʻano hana paʻakikī e like me ke kaumaha o ka lepo a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa.

Nā memo hou aʻe:
No ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau ASTM ʻo A53 a me A106. Nānā ka mea mua i ka hoʻohana maʻamau i nā mahana o ka lumi, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO X42, nona kaPaipu kila API 5Lkūlana, ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka halihali ʻaila a me ke kinoea, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa luhi. He mea nui ia no nā paipu mamao loa.

Pono ke koho ʻana e kau ʻia ma luna o kahi loiloi piha o ke kaomi, ka mahana, ka ʻino waena, a me ke kaiapuni o ka papahana. No ka laʻana, makemake ʻia ʻo X42 no ka halihali ʻaila a me ke kinoea me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo A106 ka mea makemake ʻia no nā ʻōnaehana mahu me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe.