ʻO ka pāhaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe he mea kūikawā e mālama i ka hana maikaʻi loa ma nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka aerospace, ikehu, kemika, a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike mua ʻia kāna mau pōmaikaʻi ma nā ʻano aʻe:

1. Kiekie Kiekie-Mahana Paʻa

Ka Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe: ʻOiai ma nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 600 ° C, mālama ia i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi i ka ikaika, a me ka ikaika luhi, ʻaʻole e palupalu wikiwiki me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. No ka laʻana, mālama nā superalloys i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nickel i nā waiwai mechanical i nā mahana ma kahi o 1000°C, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi o nā mea koʻikoʻi e like me nā ʻāpana turbine engine.

Kū'ē Kūlohelohe: Ke hoʻokau ʻia i ke koʻikoʻi lōʻihi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hōʻike ka mea i ka liʻiliʻi deformation (ke kūpaʻa ʻana), e pale ana i ka hāʻule ʻana ma muli o ka lohi o ka hoʻololi ʻana. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no nā mea hana e like me nā turbines a me nā boilers e hana ana ma nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.

2. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Oxidation a me ka Corrosion Resistance

Kū'ē Kū'ē Kū'ē Kiʻekiʻe: Ma ka ea wela a iʻole ke kinoea, hana ka mea i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide (e like me Cr₂O₃ a i ʻole Al₂O₃) ma luna o kona ʻili, e pale ana i ka hoʻouka hou ʻana o ka oxygen, e pale pono i ka corrosion oxidative, a hoʻonui i kona ola lawelawe. No ka laʻana, mālama ʻia nā pā hao i loaʻa ka chromium a me ka aluminika maikaʻi loa i ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation ma nā mahana ma luna o 1000°C.

Kū'ē Kū'ē: Kū'ē nā mea wela kiʻekiʻe i nā kinoea acidic a me ka alkaline (e like me ka hydrogen sulfide a me ka sulfur dioxide), nā metala hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā paʻakai, e kūpono ana ia mau mea no nā kaiapuni paʻakikī e like me nā reactors kemika, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻōpala, a me nā reactor nuklea.

3. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana

Hiki ke hana: ʻOiai ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me nā papa a me nā paipu, ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka forging, rolling, a me ka welding, e hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o nā mea like ʻole (e like me nā pā kila wela no nā boiler nui a me nā panela keʻena ahi no nā mīkini mokulele).

Paʻa Microstructural: ʻOiai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe no ka wā lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ke ʻano metallographic kūloko (e like me ka pae alloy a me ka ʻano palaoa). Mālama kēia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hana ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hale a hōʻoia i ka hana pono o ka mea.

4. Laulā Wehewela Laulā, Pono no nā Kaiapuni Loa

Uhi nā papa ʻaʻa i ka pae wela mai nā wela waena-kiʻekiʻe (600°C) a i nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa (ma luna o 1200°C). ʻO nā pāpaʻi Alloy me nā hui likeʻole he kūpono ia no nāʻano likeʻole: no ka laʻana, ua kūpono nā'āpana hao i nā mahana ma waena o 600-800 ° C, kūpono nā'āpana nickel-based no nā mahana ma waena o 800-1200 ° C, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā'āpana kobalt i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe no nā manawa pōkole.

Hiki iā lākou ke pale i nā hopena hui o nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā ukana mechanical. No ka laʻana, pono e kū i nā diski turbine i nā ʻenekini mokulele i nā wela kiʻekiʻe o nā kinoea puhi ahi a me nā ikaika centrifugal i hana ʻia e ka wikiwiki wikiwiki.

5. Hiki ke mālama māmā a me ka ikehu

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila wela kuʻuna, ʻo kekahi mau mea wela wela (e like me ka nickel-based a me ka titanium-aluminum-based alloys) he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe like, e hāʻawi ana i ka māmā māmā o nā mea hana (e like me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i ka ʻoihana aerospace).

Ma muli o ko lākou ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wela a me ka lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā kumukūʻai pani, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole ʻana i ka pono o ka ikehu (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa alloy kiʻekiʻe i nā boilers hiki ke hoʻonui i ka mahana wela a me ka hana mana.