ASTM A36 Steel & Metal Structures: Design, Fabrication for Buildings, Warehouses & Infrastructure
Na Hale Kiekie a me Kalepa: Ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o Skyscraper a me nā hale kalepa e ke ʻano o ke kila ikaika, akā māmā naʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi ke kumu e hiki ai iā lākou ke kūkulu wikiwiki a no ke kumu e loli maʻalahi ai kā lākou mau hoʻolālā.
ʻOihana a me nā hale waihona puke: Hāʻawi nā hale kila i nā hale kūʻai, nā hale hana, nā hale hana a me nā hale kūʻai mold me ko lākou ʻano paʻa paʻa.
ʻO nā alahaka a me nā ʻoihana halihali: ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ke kila e lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā alahaka ʻenekinia, overpass, flyovers a me nā hopena no ka palekana a me ka lōʻihi.
Nā hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka pono: Kākoʻo ke kila i nā mea kanu mana, nā mahiʻai makani, nā ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me nā ʻōnaehana ikehu ʻē aʻe, a me nā pono hana, e hāʻawi ana i ka pale mau i nā mea a me ka luhi.
Nā Hale Haʻuki, Leʻaleʻa a me nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, Arenas a me nā kahua pāʻani, ua hiki ke hana ia ma muli o ka nele o na kolamu o loko i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kila i mea e hiki ke lōʻihi no ka lōʻihi.
Hale Mahiai a Waihona: ʻO nā hale paʻa kila, nā silo, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me nā hale waihona e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ke anuanu.
ʻOihana Moana, Awa a me Waiwai: He mea kūpono nā pā kila no ke kūkulu ʻana ma ke kai, ʻoi loa ma nā awa, nā pā, nā uwapo a me nā paʻakikī awa kahi i hiki ʻole ke kūʻai aku i ka ikaika, ka pale ʻana a me ka hiki ke hoʻouka kaumaha.
ʻO nā huahana kūkulu kila kumu no ka hana hale hana
1. ʻO ke ʻano halihali haʻahaʻa nui (hiki ke hoʻololi i nā koi seismic tropical)
| ʻAno Huahana | Laulā wehewehe | Hana kumu | ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa |
| Kukui Puka Puka | W12×30 ~ W16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | ʻO ke kukui nui no ke kaupaku o ka hale/pā | ʻO ka hoʻolālā node kiʻekiʻe-seismic me nā pili bolted e pale aku i nā welds brittle, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻāpana e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha ponoʻī no ka halihali kūloko |
| kolamu kila | H300×300 ~ H500×500 (ASTM A36) | Kākoʻo i nā ukana a me ka papahele | ʻO nā mea hoʻohui seismic i hoʻokomo ʻia i lalo, hoʻopau ʻia i ka galvanized wela (ʻo ka zinc coating ≥85μm) no ke kaiapuni haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. |
| Kukuu Crane | W24×76 ~ W30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Kaumaha no ka hana crane ʻoihana | Hoʻolālā hana koʻikoʻi (no 5 ~ 20t cranes) me ka lāʻau hope i hoʻopili ʻia me nā papa hoʻopili pale pale. |
2. Nā ʻāpana o ka Pūnaehana Paʻa (Weather Resistance + Corrosion Protection)
Na Puali Puku: ʻO nā puʻupuʻu puʻu wela C12×20 a C16×31 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma 1.5–2 m no ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila i uhi ʻia i ka waihoʻoluʻu hiki ke pale aku i ka ukana ʻino a hiki i 12 pae.
Pā Purlins: Anti-corrosive pena Z10×20 i Z14×26 purlins me ka ventila puka e haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa—kūpono no ka tropical hale hana puni.
Paipai a me ke kihi kihi: Φ12–Φ16 hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka L50×5 nā kihi kihi kila he mea pale i ka makani makani o 150 mph e hoʻolako i ka paʻa ʻaoʻao.
3. Hoʻololi Kūloko: Kākoʻo a me nā huahana kōkua (Ka ʻokoʻa kūloko ma nā koi kūkulu)
Mea hao i hookomoia: ʻO nā pā kila kila o 10–20 mm ka mānoanoa (WLHT) i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke kahua paʻa ma ʻAmelika Waena.
Nā mea hoʻohui: Papa 8.8 kiʻekiʻe-ikaika wela-dip galvanized bolts, pono ole o ka kuʻihao ma ka paena, ka mea pōkole ka hana manawa.
ʻO nā pale pale: Water-based flame retardant pena me ke ahi ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ≥1.5 h a me ka acryl anti-corrosion pena me ka UV kū'ē a me ke ola ≥10 makahiki, e halawai kūloko kūloko kulekele.
| Hana Hana | Nā mīkini hana | Kaʻina hana |
| ʻoki ʻoki | ʻO CNC plasma / nā mīkini ʻoki ahi, nā mīkini ʻoki | ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi no nā pā kila/ ʻāpana, ka ʻako ʻana no nā pā kila lahilahi, me ka pololei o ke ana. |
| Hoʻokumu | Mīkini kulou anuanu, paʻi paʻi, mīkini ʻōwili | ʻO ka piko anuanu (no ka c/z purlins), ke kulou (no ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao), ka ʻōwili ʻana (no nā kaola kākoʻo pōʻai) |
| wiliwili | Mīkini wiliwili arc i lalo, welder arc manual, welder pale kinoea CO₂ | ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ke arc i lalo (nā kolamu Dutch / H beams), weld lāʻau (nā papa gusset), wiliwili pale kinoea CO² (nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka paia) |
| Holemaking | ʻO ka mīkini wili CNC, ka mīkini kuʻi | ʻO CNC Boring (nā puka paʻa i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā papa/nā ʻāpana), Puni (hui pū ʻia nā puka liʻiliʻi), Me nā lua i hoʻomalu ʻia ke anawaena/kūpono kūlana. |
| Lapaʻau | Mīkini puhi pana/ke one, mea wili, laina galvanizing wela | Ka wehe 'ia 'ana o ka rust (pana pana / puhi one), weld grinding (deburr), hot-dip galvanizing (bolt/support) |
| Ahahui | ʻO ka paepae hui, nā mea hoʻopaʻa ana | Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka hui mua (column + beam + base) no ka hoʻouna ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana. |
| 1. Ho'āʻo paʻakai (core corrosion test) | 2. Ho'āʻo pili | 3. ʻO ka ho'āʻo haʻahaʻa a me ka wela |
| Nā Kūlana ASTM B117 (neutral salt spray) / ISO 11997-1 (cyclic salt spray), kūpono no ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe o ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. | ʻO ka hoʻāʻo cross-hatch me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ASTM D3359 (cross-hatch/grid-grid, e hoʻoholo ai i ka pae peeling); hoʻāʻo huki huki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ASTM D4541 (e ana i ka ikaika peel ma waena o ka uhi a me ka substrate kila). | Nā Kūlana ASTM D2247 (40 ℃/95% haʻahaʻa, e pale i ka blistering a me ka haki ʻana o ka uhi i ka wā ua). |
| 4. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o UV | 5. Ho'āʻo mānoanoa kiʻiʻoniʻoni | 6. Ka ho'āʻo ikaika hopena |
| Nā Kūlana ASTM G154 (e hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻolaha UV ikaika i nā wao ua, e pale i ka mae a me ka pohi o ka uhi). | ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni maloʻo e hoʻohana ana i ka ASTM D7091 (ka mānoanoa mānoanoa); kiʻiʻoniʻoni mākū me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ASTM D1212 (e hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion e kū i ka mānoanoa i kuhikuhi ʻia). | Nā Kūlana ASTM D2794 (hoʻokuʻu i ka hammer hopena, e pale i ka pōʻino i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana/hoʻokomo). |
Lapaʻau ma luna o ka hōʻikeʻike: Epoxy zinc-waiwai ka uhi, Galvanized (hot dip galvanized layer thickness≥85μm lawelawe ola hiki ke hiki i 15-20 makahiki), ʻeleʻele aila, etc.
ʻAila ʻEleʻele
Galvanized
Epoxy Zinc waiwai nui
Packaging:
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai kila no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili a mālama lākou i ke ʻano o ka huahana i ka wā o ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana i nā mea wai e like me ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ka pepa anti-rust, a ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o ka pahu lāʻau. Ke hoʻopaʻa inoa piha ʻia hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ua palekana kāu hoʻoiho ʻana a ʻo kāu hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ka pūnaewele he ʻoihana a ʻaʻole i pōʻino. Hiki i ka ʻeke maikaʻi ke pale i ka pōʻino, hiki ke hana maʻalahi i ka waihona a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana no nā papahana kūkulu.
Kaʻahele:
Hoʻoholo ka nui a me ka wahi e hoʻoholo ai inā hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia nā hale kila a i ʻole hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka haʻawe hollow ma 4 m a i ʻole crisscrass 2 m mau pahu kila a i ʻole ka hoʻouna nui ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia nā kaula kila a puni nā mea nui a kaumaha paha no ke kākoʻo a kau ʻia nā hoʻomaha lāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā o ka ʻeke e hoʻopili ai i ka ukana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kaʻina hana logistic a pau e like me ka mea a nā kaʻina hoʻouna moku honua i hoʻouna ʻia i ka manawa a me ka palekana a hiki i ke kai a i ʻole ka lōʻihi. ʻO kēia ʻano conservative ka hopena i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ke kila i ke kahua ma ke kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohana koke ʻana.
1. Nā lālā ma waho a me ke kākoʻo ma ka ʻōlelo Sepania
Me nā keʻena ma waho a me nā limahana ʻōlelo Paniolo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou i kāu kamaʻilio ʻana me nā mea kūʻai aku ma nā ʻāina o Latin America a me ʻEulopa. Kākoʻo pū kā mākou hui iā ʻoe ma nā hana kuʻuna, nā palapala a me nā kaʻina hana e lawe mai iā ʻoe i kahi lawelawe maʻalahi.
2. Loaʻa ka waiwai no ka hoʻouna wikiwiki
Mālama pū mākou i ka nui o nā mea kila kila i ka waihona e like me nā H-beams, I-beams a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi kēia i nā huahana me ka wikiwiki a hiki i nā hana koʻikoʻi loa me ka manawa alakaʻi liʻiliʻi.
3. ʻoihana Hoʻopili ʻia
Ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā huahana a pau me ka pūʻolo kūpono i ke kai - ʻo ka puʻupuʻu kila, ka ʻōwili wai a me ka pale lihi. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻohana maʻemaʻe, kūpaʻa i ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi mamao lōʻihi a me ka hōʻea ʻole ʻana i kahi awa e hele ai.
4. Hoʻouna wikiwiki a hoʻouna
ʻO kā mākou lawelawe e komo pū me FOB, CIF, DDP & etc a ke hui pū nei mākou me nā mea hoʻokele waiwai pono. Ma ke kai, kaʻaahi a alanui paha, hōʻoiaʻiʻo mākou i ka lawe ʻana i ka manawa a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka loiloi logistic hilinaʻi ma ke ala.
E pili ana i nā pilikia waiwai
Q: Hoʻokō maʻamau He aha nā kūlana e pili ana i kāu mau hale kila?
A: ʻO kā mākou hale kila e hoʻokō me nā American Standards e like me ASTM A36, ASTM A572 etc. no ka laʻana: ʻO ASTM A36 kahi kumu kalapona kumu nui, A588 kahi kiʻekiʻe - weather - resistanc structural kūpono e hoʻohana ʻia i nā lewa koʻikoʻi.
Q: Peheaʻoe e hoʻomalu ai i ka maikaʻi o ke kila?
A: ʻO nā mea kila mai nā hale wili kila kaulana a i ʻole ka honua i loaʻa ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu maikaʻi. I ko lākou hōʻea ʻana, hoʻāʻo ikaika ʻia nā huahana, me ka nānā ʻana i ka haku mele, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻana, e like me ka ultrasonic testing (UT) a me ka magnetic particle testing (MPT), e nānā inā pili ka maikaʻi me nā kūlana pili.
