ʻO ke kūkulu kila ASTM A283 | Nā hoʻonā kūkulu ikaika, paʻa a kūpono hoʻi
ʻAno Hana o ke Kila Truss no ka Hale Modular ʻO ke kila truss kahi ʻano ʻōnaehana hana kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā lālā kila ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana triangular ma kahi kaʻina kikoʻī e hana i kahi kiʻi paʻa e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kākoʻo i nā ukana i kau ʻia. Hoʻonui ke ʻano triangular i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea a kūpono no ka lōʻihi o ka lumi a me ka lumi ākea.
Nā Hiʻohiʻona Koʻikoʻi
ʻO ka lakio ikaika-a-kaumaha kiʻekiʻe -- ʻO ke ʻano o ka truss triangular e hiki ai ke hāpai i ka ukana ikaika me ka kila liʻiliʻi.
ʻĀkea Moakaka - Uhi i kahi ākea me ka ʻole o nā kolamu kūloko.
Hoʻolālā multi-purpose - Maikaʻi no nā hale kūʻai, nā hale hana, nā hale hana a no nā auditoriums a me nā hale haʻuki.
Hana mua ʻana a me ka ʻākoakoa wikiwiki - ʻOki mua ʻia nā ʻāpana kila a hana ʻia ma waho o ke kahua a hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ma kahi.
Ke ola lōʻihi - Me ka hoʻopili kūpono ʻana o ka pale ʻana i ka pala (galvanizing, pena ʻana, a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana), e ola ke kila i nā makahiki he nui.
Nā ʻāpana
Luna Hoʻokiʻekiʻe: ʻO ka lālā pae kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka lālā sloped o ka truss
ʻO ke Chord Lalo: Lālā pae lalo i ke kaumaha
Nā lālā pūnaewele: Nā mea diagonal a me nā mea kū pololei e haku ana i ka ʻāpana triangular
Nā Hoʻohui: Nā humuhumu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha e hoʻohui i nā lālā
Ke kākoʻo ʻana (koho): Paʻa ʻaoʻao hou aʻe no nā laulā nui
Nā huahana kūkulu kila koʻikoʻi no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hana
1. ʻO ke ʻano hana nui (hiki ke hoʻololi i nā koi seismic tropical)
| Mea Hana | ASTM A283 (Nā lālā kūkulu nui) |
| Ka laulā o ka laulā | 10–50 m (33–164 kapuaʻi), hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia |
| Ke Kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻĀkau | 4–12 m (13–39 kapuaʻi), ma muli o nā koi o ka papahana |
| Kaupaku Pitch | 5°–25°, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e like me nā pono hoʻokahe wai |
| Nā ʻĀpana Nui | ʻO ke kaula luna (kila W/H), ʻO ke kaula lalo (kila W/H), nā lālā pūnaewele (paipu huinahā/ʻālikelike, kila kihi), nā pilina (hoʻopaʻa ʻia/hoʻopaʻa ʻia), nā purlins & nā kāʻei (ʻaoʻao C/Z) |
| Nā Hana Koʻikoʻi | - Kākoʻo ākea ākea ākea |
| - Laki ikaika-i-ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe | |
| - Hoʻomākaukau mua a me ka ʻākoakoa wikiwiki | |
| - Paʻa a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hale | |
| - Hoʻolālā maʻalahi no nā hale hoʻokahi/maha-ʻāpana a me nā hale papa he nui | |
| Nā Hoʻohana Maʻamau ma ʻAmelika Waena | - ʻOihana: nā hale hana, nā hale hana, nā hale kūʻai |
| - Mahiʻai: nā hale mālama, nā hale papaʻa, nā hale mahiʻai | |
| - Kalepa: nā hale kūʻai nui, nā kikowaena logistics, nā hale hōʻikeʻike | |
| - Kūikawā: nā hale haʻuki, nā hale mokulele, nā hale lehulehu |
| ʻAno Hana | Nā Mīkini Hana | Ka hana ʻana |
| ʻOki ʻana | Nā mīkini ʻoki plasma/ahi CNC, nā mīkini ʻokiʻoki | ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lapalapa plasma no nā papa kila/ʻāpana, ka ʻoki ʻana no nā papa kila lahilahi, me ka pololei o ke ana i kāohi ʻia. |
| Ke hoʻokumu nei | Mīkini kulou anu, mīkini paʻi, mīkini ʻōwili | Ke kulou anu (no nā purlin c/z), ke kulou ʻana (no nā ʻauwai/ʻoki lihi), ka ʻōwili ʻana (no nā kaola kākoʻo poepoe) |
| Kuʻihao | Mīkini kuʻihao arc i hoʻoluʻu ʻia, mea kuʻihao arc lima, mea kuʻihao pale kinoea CO₂ | Kuʻihao ʻākuhi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (nā kolamu Dutch / nā kaola H), kuʻihao lāʻau (nā papa gusset), kuʻihao pale kinoea CO² (nā mea pā lahilahi) |
| Hana ʻana i nā lua | Mīkini ʻeli CNC, mīkini kuʻi | CNC Boring (nā lua bolt i nā papa hoʻohui / nā ʻāpana), Punching (nā lua liʻiliʻi puʻupuʻu), Me nā lua i kāohi ʻia ke anawaena / nā hoʻomanawanui kūlana |
| Lapaʻau | Mīkini hoʻopāpā pana/one, wili, laina galvanizing wela-luʻu | Wehe ʻana i ka popo (pahū pana / pahū one), wili weld (deburr), galvanizing hot-dip (bolt/kākoʻo) |
| ʻAhaʻōlelo | Paepae ʻaha kūkā, nā mea ana | Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻākoakoa mua ʻia (kolamu + kaola + kumu) no ka hoʻouna ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka nui. |
| 1. Hoʻāʻo pīpī paʻakai (hoʻāʻo palaho koʻikoʻi) | 2. Hoʻāʻo hoʻopili | 3. Hoʻāʻo kū'ē i ka makū a me ka wela |
| Nā kūlana ASTM B117 (pāpaʻakai kūlike) / ISO 11997-1 (pāpaʻakai cyclic), kūpono no ke kaiapuni paʻakai kiʻekiʻe o ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Waena. | Hoʻāʻo cross-hatch me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ASTM D3359 (cross-hatch/grid-grid, e hoʻoholo i ka pae ʻili ʻana); hoʻāʻo huki ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ASTM D4541 (e ana i ka ikaika ʻili ma waena o ka uhi ʻana a me ke kila kila). | Nā Kūlana ASTM D2247 (40℃/95% haʻahaʻa, e pale aku i ka pehu ʻana a me ka nahā ʻana o ka uhi i nā kau ua). |
| 4. Hoʻāʻo ʻelemakule UV | 5. Hoʻāʻo mānoanoa o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni | 6. Hoʻāʻo ikaika hopena |
| Nā Kūlana ASTM G154 (e hoʻohālike i ka hōʻike UV ikaika i nā ululāʻau ua, e pale aku i ka mae ʻana a me ka pena ʻana o ka uhi). | ʻO ka ʻili maloʻo e hoʻohana ana iā ASTM D7091 (ka ana o ka mānoanoa magnetic); ʻo ka ʻili pulu e hoʻohana ana iā ASTM D1212 (e hōʻoia i ka kūpaʻa ʻana o ka pohō e kūlike me ka mānoanoa i kuhikuhi ʻia). | Nā kūlana ASTM D2794 (ka hopena hāʻule hāʻule, e pale aku i ka pōʻino i ka wā e halihali ʻia ai/hoʻokomo ʻia ai). |
1. Lālā ma waho a me ke kākoʻo ʻōlelo Paniolo
Loaʻa iā mākou nā keʻena haole me nā limahana ʻōlelo Sepania a hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i 2 mau ʻōlelo me kā mākou mea kūʻai aku mai Latin America a me ʻEulopa.
Hoʻomaʻalahi kā mākou hui i nā koi hoʻokuʻu dute, nā palapala, a me nā koi hoʻokuʻu aku i mea e maʻalahi ai ka lawe ʻana i ka manawa kūpono a me ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻina hana lawe mai.
2. Mākaukau no ka hoʻouna wikiwiki ʻana
Mālama mākou i nā waihona mea maka o ke kila ʻōwili wela maʻamau e like me ke kaola H, ke kaola I a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu kila.
ʻO ke ʻano kēia o ka manawa alakaʻi wikiwiki i hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke loaʻa i kahi huahana hiki iā lākou ke hilinaʻi, me ka wikiwiki, no kēlā mau hana ulia pōpilikia.
3. Pūʻolo ʻoihana
Hoʻopiha ʻia nā huahana āpau me ka ʻōpala maʻamau e hiki ai ke lawe ʻia mai ke kai (ʻōwili kila, ʻōwili wai ʻole, pale ʻaoʻao).
E hōʻoiaʻiʻo kēia a hōʻoia i ka hoʻouka palekana, ʻaʻohe neʻe ʻana i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana i kahi mamao a ʻaʻohe pōʻino ke hōʻea i ke awa huakaʻi.
4. Hoʻouna a me ka lawe ʻana me ka maikaʻi
Hana mākou me nā mea hoʻouna aupuni hilinaʻi a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā huaʻōlelo hoʻouna maʻalahi: FOB, CIF, DDP.
ma ke kai, kaʻaahi, ke alanui, ke hoʻohiki nei mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻouna i ka manawa kūpono a me ka lawelawe hoʻopaʻa logistic kūpono.
Ka mālama ʻana ma ka ʻiliʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka zinc Epoxy, Galvanized (ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka papa galvanized wela ≥85μm ke ola lawelawe hiki i 15-20 mau makahiki), ʻeleʻele i ʻaila ʻia, a pēlā aku.
ʻEleʻele i ʻaila ʻia
Galvanized
Uhi Waiwai i ka Zinc Epoxy
Pūʻolo：
Ua pale maikaʻi ʻia nā huahana i loko o ka ʻōpala e mālama i ko lākou ʻili a me ke ʻano i ka wā e lawelawe ai. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana me nā mea pale wai e like me ka ʻili plastik a i ʻole ka pepa pale ʻōpala a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi me ka pahu lāʻau. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻailona maopopo ʻia nā kaula/ʻāpana āpau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokuʻu palekana a me ke kau ʻoihana ma kahi.
Ka halihali:
Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia nā hale kila ma o ka ipu a i ʻole ka mea lawe nui e like me ka nui a me ka wahi e hele ai. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā mea nui a kaumaha paha e nā kaula kila me nā ʻāpana lāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua no ka pale pālua i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana. Hana ʻia nā kaʻina hana āpau ma ka logistics e like me ke kūlana halihali honua, ʻoiai ke kaʻahele lōʻihi a me nā ʻāina ʻē, e hōʻoia i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā huahana i ka manawa kūpono a me ka palekana.
1. He aha ke kila ASTM A283?
He papa kila kalapona haʻahaʻa/waena ʻo ASTM A283 i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi kūkulu maʻamau e pono ai ke ʻano maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia. Loaʻa ia ma ka Papa A, B, C, D a ke piʻi nei ka ikaika tensile mai ka Papa A a i D.
Papa A - Ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi loa o ka ductility
Papa B & C - Ikaika a me ka Ductility Waena
Papa D - Ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa o nā papa A283
2. He aha nā noi maʻamau o nā hale kila ASTM A283?
ʻO nā noi maʻamau no A283 e komo pū me nā mōlina māmā-waena: e like me
Hiki ke kūkulu ʻia nā hale ʻoihana a me nā hale kūʻai, nā alahaka a me nā kahua, a me nā noi ʻoihana māmā ʻē aʻe, i ka alumini, mahalo i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai kū'ē i ka pala.
Nā ʻāpana kila i hana ʻia e like me nā girders, nā kaola, a me nā kolamu
Nā papa kila no ka ikaika waena, ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā papa kūkulu a me nā panela
3. I nā ʻano a me nā nui hea i loaʻa ai ka ASTM A283?
Nā papa - 6-200 mm ka mānoanoa mau
Nā Pepa - ʻĀpana lahilahi no nā panela kūkulu
Nā ʻōwili - i kekahi manawa no ka hana hou aku
4. He aha ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o ASTM A283?
Hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana o MIG, TIG a me ka stick.
ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana i nā papa lahilahi (<25 mm).
I mea e pale ai i ka nahā ʻana i ka wā e kuʻi ai i nā ʻāpana mānoanoa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā kaʻina hana kuʻi haʻahaʻa-hauwai.
6. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a pena ʻia paha ʻo A283?
ʻAe. Hiki i ka ʻili o ke kila ke:
ʻO ke galvanizing wela-dip - i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka popo
ʻO ka pena ʻana a i ʻole ka uhi pauka - kaulana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o ka hale a me nā hale ʻoihana
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